Cryst in the joints: communication with diseases

Cryst in the joints: communication with diseases

I. Understanding the phenomenon of the crunch in the joints

Cryst in the joints is a common phenomenon characterized by the sound that occurs during the movement of the joint. This sound can vary from a quiet click to a loud, distinct crunch. It is important to understand that the crunch in the joints is not always a sign of the disease. However, in some cases, he can indicate health problems and demand the attention of a specialist.

A. Anatomy and biomechanics of the joints:

To understand the nature of the crunch, it is necessary to consider the structure and functioning of the joints. The joint is a connection place of two or more bones. The main components of the joint include:

• Joint surfaces of the bones: Coated with smooth hyalin cartilage, providing gluing bones relative to each other.
• The joint capsule: Surrounds the joint, hermetically closing it. Consists of dense connective tissue, which ensures the stability of the joint.
• Synovial membrane: Lines the inner surface of the joint capsule and produces the synovial fluid.
• Synovial fluid: A viscous fluid filling the joint cavity. It performs several important functions: lubricates the joint surfaces, reducing friction; nourishes a cartilage that does not have its own blood vessels; Amortizes blows and shocks.
• Blues: They connect the bones among themselves, ensuring the stability of the joint and limiting its mobility in certain directions.
• Muscles and tendons: Surround the joint and provide its movement. The tendons attach the muscles to the bones.

The biomechanics of the joints is the study of movements occurring in the joints. Complex interactions between bones, cartilage, synovial fluid, ligaments and muscles provide smooth and coordinated movements. Any violation in these structures can lead to a change in the joint biomechanics and, as a result, to crunch.

B. Possible causes of crunch in the joints:

There are many reasons that can cause crunch in the joints. Some of them are harmless, while others may indicate serious diseases.

1. Creeding (physiological crunch):

   • The formation of gas bubbles: The synovial fluid contains dissolved gases, such as oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide. When the joint moves, the pressure in the joint cavity may change, which leads to the formation of gas bubbles. When the bubbles burst, there is a characteristic crispy sound. This type of crunch is usually painless and does not require treatment. Many people can “click” the joints of the fingers, backs or neck without any negative consequences. The mechanism has not been fully studied, but the most likely theory is the formation and collapse of vacuum bubbles in synovial fluid.
   • Tendon movement: The tendons connecting the muscles with the bones can slightly move over bone protrusions or other joint structures. This movement may be accompanied by a click or crunch. This is usually painless and does not require treatment.
   • Irregularities of the articular surfaces: Small irregularities or roughnesses on the articular surfaces can cause crunch when the bones are sliding relative to each other. It can also be a variant of the norm, especially in young people.

2. Pathological crunch (sign of the disease):

   • Osteoarthritis (deforming arthrosis): One of the most common joint diseases, characterized by the destruction of cartilage. As the cartilage is destroyed, the bones begin to rub against each other, causing pain, constraint and crunch. A crunch with osteoarthritis is often described as a rough, creaky sound.
   • Joint injuries: Damage to the ligaments, cartilage or bones can lead to the instability of the joint and, as a result, to the crunch. For example, rupture of meniscus in the knee joint is often accompanied by crunch and joint lock.
   • Rheumatoid arthritis: Autoimmune disease affecting joints. Inflammation of the articular membrane leads to the destruction of cartilage and bones, causing pain, swelling, stiffness and crunch.
   • Gout: The disease caused by the deposition of uric acid crystals in the joints. This leads to inflammation, pain and crunch.
   • Bursit: Inflammation of the articular bag (brush) filled with liquid, which softens friction between bones, tendons and muscles. Bursitis can cause pain, swelling and crunch in the joint.
   • Tendinitis: Inflammation of the tendon. It can cause pain and crunch when moving in the area of ​​the affected tendon.
   • Blorious breaks: Full or partial ruptures of the ligaments lead to the instability of the joint and may be accompanied by crunch.
   • Hondromalation: Softening cartilage, most often in the knee joint. It can cause pain and crunch, especially when lifting and descending the stairs.
   • Joint dysplasia: Violation of the development of the joint, which can lead to instability and crunch.
   • Autoimmune diseases: In addition to rheumatoid arthritis, other autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and scleroderma, can affect the joints and cause a crunch.
   • Infectious arthritis: Joint infections caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi can lead to inflammation, destruction of cartilage and crunch.
   • Bekhterev’s disease (ankylosing spondylitis): Chronic inflammatory disease that affects the spine and large joints. Leads to limiting mobility, pain and crunch.
   • Pertes disease: The disease of the femoral head, leading to impaired blood supply and the destruction of bone tissue. It is more common in children and adolescents. It can cause pain, limitation of mobility and crunch in the hip joint.
   • OSGUDA-SHITTER disease: The disease of the tiger bone tuberosity, often occurs in adolescents during rapid growth. It is characterized by pain and swelling in the knee joint, as well as crunch.

C. Classification of crunch according to the characteristics:

For differential diagnostics, it is important to consider the characteristics of the crunch:

1. By volume:

   • Quiet click: it may be a variant of the norm.
   • Crushing: requires more attention, especially if accompanied by other symptoms.
   • Rough, creaky sound: often associated with osteoarthritis.

2. By localization: It is necessary to determine exactly in which joint the crunch occurs.

3. By frequency: How often does a crunch? Constantly or only with certain movements?

4. By communication with movements: What movements does a crunch arise? Are there certain provisions of the body that provoke it?

5. By the presence of pain: The most important factor. If the crunch is accompanied by pain, this almost always indicates a pathology.

6. By the presence of other symptoms: Edema, stiffness, redness, limitation of mobility – all these symptoms are important for diagnosis.

II. Crunch in various joints and its connection with diseases

A crunch can occur in various joints of the body. The causes and clinical value of crunch may differ depending on localization.

A. Cryst in the knee joint:

The knee joint is one of the most loaded and prone to injuries of the joints. The crunch in the knee is a common complaint and can be caused by various reasons.

1. Meniscopathy (meniscus damage): Meniski is cartilage gaskets in the knee joint, which depreciate the blows and stabilize the joint. Gaps of menisci are often accompanied by crunch, joint lock, pain and edema.
2. Chondromation of the patella: Softening of the cartilage of the patella, which can cause pain, crunch and feeling of “jamming” in the knee joint. It is more common in young women and athletes.
3. Osteoarthritis of the knee joint (gonarthrosis): The destruction of the cartilage in the knee joint leads to pain, stiffness and crunch. A crunch with gonarthrosis is often described as a rough, creaky sound.
4. Tendinite of the knee joint: Inflammation of the tendons in the knee joint, for example, tendonite tendon of the patella (“knee of the jump”) or tenditis of the quadriceps of the thigh. It can cause pain and crunch when moving.
5. Bursitis of the knee joint: Inflammation of the articular bag in the knee joint, for example, prepatellular Bursitis (“Housewife’s Knice”). It can cause pain, swelling and crunch.
6. The instability of the knee joint: Damage to the ligaments, for example, the rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (PKS) or the side ligaments, can lead to the instability of the joint and crunch.
7. Free bodies in the knee joint: Fragments of cartilage or bones that move freely in the articular cavity can cause crunch, joint blocking and pain.
8. Syndrome envelope: Inflammation and thickening of the synovial fold (pliki) in the knee joint. It can cause pain, crunch and feeling of “jamming”.
9. OSGUDA-SHITTER disease: The disease of the tiger bone tuberosity, often occurs in adolescents. It is characterized by pain and swelling in the knee joint, as well as crunch.

B. Cryst in the hip joint:

A crunch in the hip joint is less common than in the knee, but can also be associated with various diseases.

1. Osteoarthritis of the hip joint (coksartrosis): The destruction of the cartilage in the hip joint leads to pain, constraint and crunch.
2. Hip joint dysplasia: Violation of the development of the hip joint, which can lead to instability and crunch.
3. Clicking thigh (hip-hip): A condition in which the tendon or muscle jumps through the bone ledge in the area of ​​the hip joint, causing a click or crunch.
4. Bursis of the hip joint: Inflammation of the joint bag in the hip joint, for example, trochanteritis (inflammation of the wound bag). It can cause pain and crunch.
5. Pertes disease: The disease of the femoral head, leading to impaired blood supply and the destruction of bone tissue. It can cause pain, limitation of mobility and crunch.
6. Labral ruptures: Damage to the cartilage (labra) surrounding the acetabulum of the hip joint. They can cause pain, clicks and crunch.
7. Femoroacetabular impinge (FAI): A condition in which the femoral head or sovereign cavity has an abnormal shape, which leads to restriction of movements and cartilage damage. It can cause pain and crunch.

C. Cryst in the shoulder joint:

A crunch in the shoulder joint can be caused by various reasons, from harmless to serious.

1. Rotator syndrome: Damage or inflammation of the muscles and tendons of the rotational cuff of the shoulder. It can cause pain, weakness and crunch when moving the hand.
2. Bursis of the shoulder joint: Inflammation of the articular bag in the shoulder joint, for example, subacromial bursitis. It can cause pain and crunch.
3. The tendonite of the shoulder joint: Inflammation of the tendons in the shoulder joint, for example, tendonitis of biceps. It can cause pain and crunch.
4. The instability of the shoulder joint: Damage to the ligaments or muscles stabilizing the shoulder joint can lead to instability and crunch.
5. Osteoarthritis of the shoulder joint: The destruction of the cartilage in the shoulder joint, although it is less common than in the knee or hip joint, can lead to pain, stiffness and crunch.
6. Breeding lip breaks (labrum): Damage to the cartilage surrounding the Glenoid cavity of the shoulder joint. They can cause pain, clicks and crunch.
7. Adhesive capsulite (“frozen shoulder”): Inflammation and thickening of the joint capsule of the shoulder joint. Leads to restriction of movements, pain and crunch.

D. Cryst in the elbow joint:

A crunch in the elbow joint can be associated with overload, injuries or arthritis.

1. Epicondalite (“Lokot Tennisist”): Inflammation of the tendons of muscles attaching to the outer bone rowl. It can cause pain and crunch when the wrist and fingers move.
2. Medial epitrochleit (“elbista elbow”): Inflammation of the tendons of muscles attaching to the inner shoulder of the humerus. It can cause pain and crunch when the wrist and fingers move.
3. Bursitis of the elbow joint: Inflammation of the joint bag in the area of ​​the elbow process. It can cause pain, swelling and crunch.
4. Osteoarthritis of the elbow joint: The destruction of the cartilage in the elbow joint, although it is less common than in other joints, can lead to pain, constraint and crunch.
5. Free bodies in the elbow joint: Fragments of cartilage or bones that move freely in the articular cavity can cause crunch, joint blocking and pain.

E. Cryst in the wrist and hands:

A crunch in the wrist and hands can be caused by repeating movements, injuries or arthritis.

1. Tendovaginite de Kerven: Inflammation of the tendons of muscles that take and extend the thumb of the hand. It can cause pain and crunch when moving with a thumb.
2. Carpal tunnel syndrome: Compression of the median nerve in the carpal canal. It can cause pain, numbness, tingling and crunch in the hand and fingers.
3. Osteoarthritis of the hands: The destruction of the cartilage in the joints of the hands, leading to pain, constraint and crunch. Often affects the joints of the fingers and the base of the thumb.
4. Trigger finger (stenosis ligamationite): The condition in which the tendon of the flexor of the finger stucks in the tendon vagina. It can cause pain, clicks and crunch when flexion and extension of the finger.
5. Kind and hands injuries: Fractures, dislocations or stretching of ligaments can lead to crunch.

F. Cryst in the ankle joint and foot:

A crunch in the ankle joint and foot can be caused by injuries, overloads or arthritis.

1. Extra joint injuries: Stretching or ruptures of ligaments of the ankle joint can lead to instability and crunch.
2. Tendonite Achilles tendons: Inflammation of the Achilles tendon. It can cause pain and crunch when walking and running.
3. Plantary fascia: Inflammation of the plantar fascia. It can cause pain in the heel and crunch in the foot.
4. Osteoarthritis of the ankle joint: The destruction of the cartilage in the ankle joint, leading to pain, constraint and crunch.
5. The impingration of the ankle joint: A condition in which bone protrusions or soft fabrics squeeze the structures of the ankle joint. It can cause pain, restriction of movements and crunch.
6. Tarzal tunnel syndrome: Compression of the rear tibia in the Tarzal Canal. It can cause pain, numbness, tingling and crunch in the foot and fingers.

G. Cryst in the spine:

A crunch in the spine is a common phenomenon that can be caused by various factors.

1. The movement of facet joints: Facet joints are small joints connecting the vertebrae among themselves. When the spine moves, the facet joints glide relative to each other. This sliding can be accompanied by a click or crunch.
2. Gap of adhesions: A long stay in one position can lead to the formation of small adhesions or adhesions between the vertebrae. When the spine is moving, these adhesions can be torn, causing a crunch.
3. Degenerative changes in the spine: With age, cartilage in the intervertebral discs and facet joints can wear out, which leads to osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis of the spine can cause pain, stiffness and crunch.
4. Scoliosis: The curvature of the spine can lead to an uneven load on the joints and, as a result, to the crunch.
5. Spondylolistez: The displacement of one vertebra relative to another. It can cause pain, instability and crunch.
6. Protes and hernias of intervertebral discs: The protrusion or rupture of the intervertebral disc can lead to compression of nerve roots and pain. In some cases, this may be accompanied by crunch.

III. Cryst diagnosis in joints

An important step is to diagnose to determine the cause of the crunch and exclude serious diseases.

A. Anamnesis and Physical examination:

1. A history of anamnesis: The doctor asks the patient about the nature of the crunch, his localization, frequency, connection with movements, the presence of pain and other symptoms. It is important to learn about the presence of anamnesis injuries, chronic diseases and drugs taken.
2. Physical examination: The doctor examines the joint, evaluates its mobility, stability, the presence of edema, redness and soreness. Special tests are carried out to evaluate the function of ligaments, meniscuses and other joint structures.

B. Instrumental research methods:

1. Radiography: Allows you to evaluate the condition of bones and joint surfaces. It can identify signs of osteoarthritis, fractures, dislocations and other bone pathologies.
2. Magnetic resonance tomography (MRI): Allows you to get a detailed image of the soft tissues of the joint, such as cartilage, ligaments, meniscus and tendons. MRI is the method of choice for diagnosing damage to meniscus, ligaments and cartilage.
3. Computed tomography (CT): It provides a more detailed image of bone structures than radiography. It can be used to diagnose complex fractures and other bone pathologies.
4. Ultrasound examination (ultrasound): Allows you to evaluate the condition of the soft tissues of the joint, such as tendons, ligaments and joint bags. Ultrasound is a quick, inexpensive and non -invasive research method.
5. Arthroscopy: The minimum invasive surgical procedure in which a thin tool with a camera (arthroscope) is introduced into the joint. Arthroscopy allows you to examine the inner surface of the joint, diagnose damage and perform surgical manipulations.

C. Laboratory research methods:

1. General blood test: It can identify signs of inflammation or infection.
2. Biochemical blood test: It can identify signs of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
3. Analysis of synovial fluid: A liquid taken from the joint is examined under a microscope to identify signs of inflammation, infection or uric acid crystals (with gout).

IV. Cryst treatment in joints

Treatment of crunch in the joints depends on the cause of its occurrence.

A. Conservative treatment:

1. Rest: Avoid overloads and traumatic movements.
2. Ice: Apply ice to the affected joint for 15-20 minutes several times a day to reduce pain and edema.
3. Compression: Use an elastic bandage to fix and support the joint.
4. Rise: Keep the affected joint in the raised position to reduce edema.
5. Anesthetic drugs: Non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as Ibuprofen or Netroksen, can help reduce pain and inflammation.
6. Physiotherapy: Exercises to strengthen the muscles surrounding the joint, and improve its mobility.
7. Injections of corticosteroids: Corticosteroids are powerful anti -inflammatory drugs that can be introduced directly into the joint to reduce pain and inflammation.
8. Chondroprotectors: Preparations containing glucosamine and chondroitin, which allegedly help restore cartilage tissue. The effectiveness of chondroprotectors remains the subject of discussions.
9. Hyaluronic acid: Injections of hyaluronic acid into the joint can improve the lubrication of the articular surfaces and reduce pain.

B. Surgical treatment:

Surgical treatment may be required in cases where conservative methods are ineffective or in the presence of serious damage to the joint.

1. Arthroscopy: The minimum invasive surgical procedure used for the diagnosis and treatment of various joint diseases, such as damage to meniscuses, ligaments and cartilage.
2. Replacement of the joint (endoprosthetics): In severe cases of osteoarthritis, it may be necessary to replace the affected joint with artificial (endoprosthesis). Endoprosthetics is an effective method of treating pain and restoration of joint function.
3. Osteotomy: The surgical procedure in which the bone is cut and rebuilt to change the load on the joint. Osteotomy can be used to treat deformations of bones and joints.
4. Ligaments reconstruction: Surgical restoration of damaged ligaments.

V. Prevention of crunch in the joints

1. Regular physical exercises: Strengthening the muscles surrounding the joints helps maintain their stability and reduces the load on the cartilage.
2. Maintaining a healthy weight: Excessive weight increases the load on the joints, especially on the knee and hip.
3. Proper nutrition: The use of products rich in calcium, vitamin D and collagen contributes to the health of bones and cartilage.
4. Avoid injuries: Follow the precautions when playing sports and performing hard physical work.
5. Correct posture: Maintain proper posture during sitting, standing and walking to reduce the load on the spine and other joints.
6. Ergonomics of the workplace: Organize your workplace in such a way as to avoid repeating movements and uncomfortable poses.
7. Stretching: Regular stretching helps to improve the flexibility of the joints and reduce the risk of injuries.
8. Timely treatment of joint diseases: Contact the doctor when the pain, edema or stiffness appears in the joints. Timely treatment can prevent the progression of the disease and reduce the risk of complications.

VI. Conclusion

Cryst in the joints is a common phenomenon that can be caused by various reasons. In most cases, a crunch is painless and does not require treatment. However, if the crunch is accompanied by pain, edema, stiffness or limitation of mobility, you must consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment. Timely diagnosis and treatment can help prevent the progression of the disease and maintain joint function. It is important to understand that self -medication can be dangerous and lead to undesirable consequences.