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Nails and leather: benefits and use – full guidance
I. The relationship of the health of nails and skin
Nails and skin, especially the skin of the hands, are closely interconnected. The health of the skin of the hands directly affects the condition of the nail plate. Dry, damaged skin around the nails can lead to brittleness, stratification and slow growth of nails. Conversely, healthy and well -groomed skin provides proper nutrition of the nail plate, contributing to its strengthening and growth.
1.1. Anatomy of nails
Understanding the structure of the nail is necessary for proper care. The nail consists of the following parts:
- Nail plate: The visible part of the nail consisting of keratin.
- Nail bed: The skin under the nail plate.
- Matrix: The area under the proximal nail roller, where new nail cells are formed. Damage to the matrix can lead to deformation of the nail.
- Lunked: The whitish semi -moon region at the base of the nail.
- Eponichia (cuticle): A thin strip of skin that protects the matrix from infections.
- Hyponichia: The skin under the free edge of the nail.
- Nail rollers: The skin surrounding the nail on three sides.
1.2. Anatomy of the skin of the hands
The skin of the hands consists of three main layers:
- Epidermis: The outer layer performing the protective function.
- Dermis: The middle layer containing collagen, elastin, blood vessels and nerve endings.
- Gipoderma: The subcutaneous layer consisting of adipose tissue providing thermal insulation and cushioning.
The skin of the hands is subjected to constant exposure to external factors, such as the sun, cold, water and chemicals, which can lead to dryness, irritation and premature aging.
1.3. Factors affecting the health of nails and skin
Many factors can affect the condition of the nails and skin of the hands:
- Age: With age, the skin becomes thinner and dry, and the nails are more brittle.
- Genetics: Heredity plays a role in determining the type of skin and nails.
- Nutrition: The deficiency of vitamins and minerals can adversely affect the health of nails and skin.
- Water balance: Insufficient water consumption leads to dehydration and fragility of nails.
- Environmental impact: The sun, cold, wind and air pollution can damage the skin and nails.
- Chemicals: Frequent use of detergents, disinfectants and nail polishes can cause dryness and irritation.
- Chronic diseases: Some diseases, such as diabetes, psoriasis and eczema, can appear on the skin and nails.
- Taking drugs: Some drugs can have side effects on the condition of the skin and nails.
II. Problems with nails and skin: diagnosis and solutions
There are many problems that can arise with the nails and skin of the hands. It is important to correctly diagnose the problem in order to choose an effective solution.
2.1. Problems with nails
Consider the most common problems with nails and ways to solve them:
2.1.1. Fragility of nails (onhoshisis)
Description: The nails become fragile, easily break and relax.
Reasons: Dryness, frequent wash of the hands, the use of aggressive detergents, deficiency of vitamins and minerals (biotin, iron, zinc), exposure to nail polish and fluid to relieve varnish.
Solutions:
- Moisturization: S regularly use hand creams and cuticle oil creams.
- Gloves: Wear gloves when doing homework to protect your hands from the effects of chemicals.
- Nutrition: Use products rich in biotin (eggs, nuts, seeds), iron (red meat, spinach) and zinc (seafood, pumpkin seeds). Consider the reception of additives with biotin after consulting a doctor.
- Proper care: Sprinkle your nails carefully using a fine -grained file. Avoid sawing in different directions so as not to relax the nail plate.
- Break in the use of varnish: Let the nails take a break from varnish and liquid to relieve varnish. Use strengthening varnishes with calcium and vitamins.
2.1.2. Nail stratification (onycholysis)
Description: The nail plate is separated from the nail bed.
Reasons: Injuries, infections (fungal, bacterial), psoriasis, eczema, taking some drugs, aggressive manicure.
Solutions:
- Protection: Protect the damaged nail from further injuries. Keep it briefly trimmed.
- Infection treatment: If the cause is an infection, you must consult a doctor to prescribe antifungal or antibacterial drugs.
- Moisturization: Regularly moisturize the skin around the nail and apply oil for the cuticle.
- Avoid aggressive manicure: Do not cut the cuticle too deeply and avoid the use of metal tools that can damage the nail bed.
2.1.3. Nail fungal infection (onychomycosis)
Description: The nail changes color (becomes yellow, brown or white), thickens, deforms and can separate from the nail bed.
Reasons: The fungal infection, which often begins with the skin of the feet (foot of the athlete) and spreads to the nails.
Solutions:
- Appeal to the doctor: It is necessary to consult a doctor to diagnose and prescribe antifungal drugs (local or systemic). Self -medication can be ineffective and lead to the spread of infection.
- Local antifungal agents: Antifungal varnishes or creams that are applied to the affected nail.
- System antifungal drugs: Tablets that are taken inside. They are more effective, but can have side effects.
- Hygiene: Follow the rules of personal hygiene to prevent the spread of infection. Do not wear tight shoes, use foot antiperspirants and do not go barefoot in public places (pools, showers).
2.1.4. Vertical lines on the nails (longitudinal leikonichia)
Description: Vertical lines going from cuticle to the free edge of the nail.
Reasons: Age, injuries, lack of hydration, some diseases (eczema, psoriasis).
Solutions:
- Moisturization: Regularly moisturize your arms and apply oil for the cuticle.
- Nutrition: Use products rich in vitamins and minerals.
- Protection: Protect your hands from the effects of chemicals and injuries.
2.1.5. Horizontal lines on the nails (Line BO)
Description: Horizontal recesses on the nail plate.
Reasons: Temporary cessation of nail growth due to illness, injury, medication or stress.
Solutions:
- Identification of the reason: It is necessary to identify and eliminate the cause that caused the appearance of Bo lines.
- Nail care: Support your nails in good condition for them to grow healthy.
2.1.6. White spots on the nails (leikonichia)
Description: White spots or stripes on the nail plate.
Reasons: Injuries, zinc deficiency, allergic reactions, fungal infections.
Solutions:
- Moisturization: Regularly moisturize your arms and apply oil for the cuticle.
- Nutrition: Use products rich in zinc (seafood, pumpkin seeds).
- Avoid injuries: Protect your nails from injuries.
2.1.7. Increased nail (onychocryptosis)
Description: The edge of the nail grows into the skin of the nail roller, causing pain, redness and inflammation.
Reasons: Incorrect nail haircuts, tight shoes, injuries.
Solutions:
- Correct nail haircut: Switch your nails straight, without spinning the edges.
- Comfortable shoes: Wear comfortable shoes that do not squeeze your fingers.
- Warm baths: Make warm legs with the addition of sea salt to soften the skin and reduce inflammation.
- Appeal to the doctor: In severe cases, surgical intervention may be required.
2.2. Hand skin problems
Consider the most common problems with the skin of the hands and ways to solve them:
2.2.1. Dry skin of the hands
Description: The skin of the hands becomes dry, peeling, itching and can crack.
Reasons: Frequent washing of hands, the use of aggressive detergents, cold weather, low humidity, eczema, psoriasis.
Solutions:
- Moisturization: Spearly use moisturizers for hand creams, especially after washing. Choose creams with the content of glycerol, hyaluronic acid, oils (shi, coconut, olive).
- Gloves: Wear gloves when doing homework and in cold weather.
- Soft soap: Use soft soap without aggressive ingredients.
- Air humidifier: Use air humidifier, especially in winter.
- Nutrition: Use products rich in vitamins A, E and fatty acids.
2.2.2. Eczema (dermatitis) on hand
Description: Inflammatory skin disease, characterized by itching, redness, peeling and the formation of bubbles.
Reasons: Allergic reactions, skin irritation, genetic predisposition.
Solutions:
- Appeal to the doctor: It is necessary to consult a doctor to diagnose and prescribe treatment (local corticosteroids, antihistamines).
- Avoid irritants: Avoid contact with substances that cause skin irritation (detergents, cosmetics, jewelry).
- Moisturization: Spearly use hand creams to support the protective barrier of the skin.
- Cold compresses: Make cold compresses to reduce itching and inflammation.
2.2.3. Psoriasis in the hands
Description: Chronic autoimmune skin disease, characterized by the appearance of red, peeling plaques.
Reasons: Genetic predisposition, stress, infection.
Solutions:
- Appeal to the doctor: It is necessary to consult a doctor to diagnose and prescribe treatment (local corticosteroids, vitamin D3, phototherapy).
- Moisturization: S regularly use hand creams to soften the skin and reduce peeling.
- Avoid injuries: Protect the skin from injuries, as this can provoke an exacerbation of psoriasis.
2.2.4. Cracks on the skin of the hands
Description: Deep cracks on the skin of the hands, especially on the fingertips and between the fingers.
Reasons: Dry skin, frequent hand washing, cold weather, eczema, psoriasis.
Solutions:
- Moisturization: Spearly use moisturizers for hand creams with a high content of oils and waxes.
- Night masks: Apply a thick layer of cream or petroleum jelly at night and put on cotton gloves.
- Liquid bandage: Use a liquid bandage to protect cracks from infection and accelerate healing.
2.2.5. Age spots (lentigo) on hand
Description: Dark spots on the skin of the hands appear with age due to the effects of sunlight.
Reasons: The effect of ultraviolet radiation.
Solutions:
- Sunscreen cream: Supporting a high SPF sunscreen on your hands to prevent the appearance of new spots.
- Four creams: Use clarifying creams with the content of hydroquinone, bed acid or vitamin C.
- Laser removal: In a cosmetic room, you can remove age -related spots with a laser.
2.2.6. Hyperhidrosis (increased sweating) hands
Description: Excessive sweating of the hands.
Reasons: Genetic predisposition, stress, hormonal disorders.
Solutions:
- Antiperspirants: Use hand antiperspirants containing aluminum chloride.
- IOnoforez: A procedure in which hands are immersed in water with a small electric current.
- Botox injections: Botox injections can temporarily reduce sweating.
III. Nail care and skin: everyday practices
Regular and proper care is the key to the health and beauty of the nails and skin of the hands. Turn on the following practices in your daily mode:
3.1. Washing hands
Proper hand washing is an important aspect of hygiene and skin care:
- Use warm water: Avoid too hot or cold water, as it can dry the skin.
- Use soft soap: Choose soap without aggressive ingredients, such as sulfates and parabens.
- Wipe your hands thoroughly: Be sure to wipe your hands dry after washing to prevent dryness and irritation.
3.2. Moisturization
Moisturization is a key element of skin and nails:
- Use a moisturizer regularly: Apply the cream on your hands after each wash, as well as during the day as necessary.
- Apply oil cuticle oil: Regularly apply oil for the cuticle to moisten the skin around the nails and prevent the formation of burrs.
- Use the night masks for hand: Apply a thick layer of cream or petroleum jelly at night and put on cotton gloves.
3.3. Sun protection
Sun protection is necessary to prevent premature skin aging and the appearance of age spots:
- Use sunscreen: Apply sunscreen with a high SPF on hand every day, especially before going out.
3.4. Nutrition and hydration
Proper nutrition and sufficient water consumption are important for the health of the skin and nails:
- Eat healthy food: Include products rich in vitamins, minerals and antioxidants in your diet.
- Drink enough water: Support the water balance by drinking at least 8 glasses of water per day.
3.5. Correct manicure and pedicure
Proper manicure and pedicure help maintain the health and beauty of nails:
- Use quality tools: Choose tools for manicure and pedicure made of stainless steel.
- Do not cut the cuticle too deep: The cuticle protects the nail matrix from infections.
- Sprinkle your nails carefully: Use a fine -grained file and file nails in one direction.
- Take breaks in using varnish: Let the nails take a break from varnish and liquid to relieve varnish.
3.6. Avoid bad habits
Some bad habits can negatively affect the health of nails and skin:
- Do not bite your nails: Nail biting can lead to injuries, infections and deformation of the nail plate.
- Do not pick the skin around your nails: The skin of the skin around the nails can lead to inflammation and the formation of burrs.
IV. Home tools for nail care and skin
Many home remedies can be effective for caring for nails and skin. They are available, safe and easy to use.
4.1. Nail oils and cuticles
Oils are a great way to moisturize and nourish nails and cuticle:
- Olive oil: Rich in vitamin E and fatty acids that moisturize and strengthen the nails.
- Coconut oil: It has antibacterial and antifungal properties, moisturizes and protects nails.
- Jojoba oil: In composition, close to the skin, is well absorbed and moisturizes the skin.
- Shi oil: It has anti -inflammatory and regenerative properties, softens and soothes the skin.
- Almond oil: Richly vitamin E, moisturizes and strengthens the nails, gives them shine.
Application: Apply a small amount of oil to the nails and cuticle, massage until completely absorb. Repeat the procedure daily.
4.2. Nail baths
Nail baths help strengthen nails, soften the skin and relieve inflammation:
- Salt bath: Add 1-2 tablespoons of sea salt in warm water. Dear the nails in the water for 10-15 minutes. Salt strengthens the nails and has an antiseptic effect.
- Lemon bath: Add the juice of half the lemon to warm water. Dear the nails in the water for 5-10 minutes. The lemon lights up the nails and strengthens them.
- Herbal bath: Brew a chamomile, calendula or sage. Let it brew, cool and immerse your nails in the infusion for 10-15 minutes. Herbs have anti -inflammatory and soothing properties.
Application: Make nail baths 2-3 times a week.
4.3. Hand masks
Hand masks are intensively moisturized, nourish and soften the skin:
- Honey mask: Mix honey with olive oil or lemon juice. Apply the mask in your arms, put on gloves and leave for 30 minutes. Honey moisturizes and nourishes the skin.
- Oatmeal mask: Mix oatmeal with milk or kefir. Apply the mask in your hands, leave for 20 minutes. Oatmeal softens and soothes the skin.
- Potato mask: Boil potatoes, open it and mix it with milk and olive oil. Apply the mask in your hands, leave for 20 minutes. Potatoes softens and moisturizes the skin.
Application: Make hand masks 1-2 times a week.
4.4. Hand scrubs
Hand scrubs exfoliate dead skin cells, making it smooth and soft:
- Sugar scrub: Mix sugar with olive oil or honey. Massage your hands with a scrub for several minutes, then rinse with warm water.
- Salt scrub: Mix salt with olive oil or coconut oil. Massage your hands with a scrub for several minutes, then rinse with warm water.
- Coffee scrub: Mix coffee thick with olive oil or coconut oil. Massage your hands with a scrub for several minutes, then rinse with warm water.
Application: Use hands for hands 1-2 times a week.
4.5. Lemon juice for clarifying nails
Lemon juice helps to lighten the nails and remove the stains:
- Application: Apply lemon juice to the nails, leave for 10-15 minutes, then rinse with warm water. Repeat the procedure several times a week.
V. Cosmetic procedures to improve the condition of the nails and skin
There are many cosmetic procedures that can help improve the condition of the nails and skin of the hands. It is important to choose qualified specialists and proven salons.
5.1. Paraffin therapy
Description: The procedure in which the hands are immersed in a warm paraffin. Paraffin creates an occlusal effect that moisturizes and softens the skin.
Benefit: Moisturizes dry skin, relieves joint pain, improves blood circulation.
Contraindications: Open wounds, inflammation, fungal infections.
5.2. Spa-manicure and pedicure
Description: Complex care for hands and legs, including cleansing, exfoliation, moisturizing and massage.
Benefit: Improves the condition of the skin and nails, relaxes and relieves stress.
5.3. Hardware manicure and pedicure
Description: Manicure and pedicures performed using a special apparatus with various nozzles.
Benefit: More delicate removal of cuticle and dead skin cells reduces the risk of injuries.
5.4. Nail extension
Description: A procedure in which artificial material (gel, acrylic) for lengthening and strengthening is applied to natural nails.
Benefit: Allows you to create the desired shape and length of the nails, hide the disadvantages.
Flaws: It can damage natural nails with improper execution or removal.
5.5. Coating nails with gel polish
Description: Coating nails with a special gel that hardens under the influence of an ultraviolet lamp.
Benefit: The durable coating that does not roll up and is not erased.
Flaws: It can dry the nails with frequent use. The correct application and removal technique is necessary.
5.6. Bio -reinforcing the skin of the hands
Description: Injections of hyaluronic acid in the skin of the hands to moisturize and increase elasticity.
Benefit: Improves skin condition, reduces wrinkles, gives hands a younger look.
5.7. Piling of the skin of the hands
Description: A procedure in which a chemical solution is applied to the skin of the hands for exfoliation of dead cells.
Benefit: Improves skin texture, reduces age spots, stimulates cell renovation.
Contraindications: Sensitive skin, inflammation, pregnancy, breastfeeding.
5.8. Laser rejuvenation of the skin of the hands
Description: A procedure in which the skin of the hands is acted by a laser to stimulate the production of collagen and elastin.
Benefit: Improves skin elasticity, reduces wrinkles and age spots.
VI. Nutrition for the health of nails and skin
Healthy nutrition plays an important role in maintaining the health of nails and skin. Use products rich in the following vitamins and minerals:
6.1. Vitamin a
Benefit: Supports skin health, promotes cell regeneration.
Sources: Carrots, spinach, sweet potatoes, pumpkin, liver, eggs.
6.2. Vitamin E
Benefit: The antioxidant, protects the skin from damage, moisturizes and softens.
Sources: Nuts, seeds, vegetable oils, avocados, spinach.
6.3. Vitamin C.
Benefit: It stimulates the production of collagen, strengthens blood vessels, brightens the skin.
Sources: Citrus fruits, strawberries, kiwi, pepper, broccoli.
6.4. Vitamin D.
Benefit: Participates in the regulation of skin cell growth, supports immunity.
Sources: Fat fish, eggs, enriched products, sunlight.
6.5. B vitamins b
Benefit: They support the health of the skin, hair and nails, participate in metabolism.
Sources: Whole grain products, meat, poultry, fish, eggs, legumes.
6.6. Biotin (Vitamin B7)
Benefit: Strengthens nails, improves the condition of the skin and hair.
Sources: Eggs, nuts, seeds, liver, mushrooms.
6.7. Zinc
Benefit: Participates in the healing of the wounds, supports immunity, strengthens the nails.
Sources: Seafood, meat, poultry, nuts, seeds, legumes.