Overview of dietary supplements to maintain breast health

Overview of dietary supplements to maintain breast health

Introduction: The importance of breast health and integrative approach

Breast health is an important aspect of general female health, requiring an integrated approach. Maintaining the health of the chest implies not only regular medical examinations and self -examination, but also an attentive attitude to lifestyle, nutrition and, if necessary, the use of additional products, such as biologically active additives (dietary supplements). Bades can play a role in maintaining breast health, providing the body with the necessary nutrients, antioxidants and phytochemical compounds that contribute to hormonal balance, protect cells from damage and reduce the risk of various diseases. However, it is important to understand that dietary supplements are not a replacement for traditional medicine and should be used only after consulting a doctor, especially if there are any diseases or medication. In this review, we will consider various dietary supplements that can be useful for maintaining the health of the breast, their potential advantages, mechanisms of action, dosage and possible side effects. It is important to remember that the information presented here is an introductory nature and should not be used for self -medication.

I. Phytoestrogens and hormonal balance

Phytoestrogens are natural compounds contained in plants that have structural similarities with estrogens, female sex hormones. They can contact estrogen receptors in the body and have both estrogenic and anti -estrogenic effects, depending on the concentration of hormones in the body and the type of receptor. Phytoestrogens can play a role in maintaining hormonal balance and reduce the risk of developing diseases associated with hormonal imbalance, including some diseases of the mammary gland.

A. SOI isoflavona:

Isoflavona is a class of phytoestrogens, most known for their presence in soybeans and products based on them. The main soy isoflavons include genousteine, Dazein and glyciteine.

1. The mechanism of action: SOI isoflavones are associated with alpha estrogen receptors (ERα) and beta (Erβ), while Erβ tend to prevail in the mammary gland. Depending on the concentration of estrogens in the body, isoflavons can act as estrogenic agonists (strengthen the effect of estrogen) or as estrogenic antagonists (block the effect of estrogen). In conditions of high levels of estrogen, isoflavons can compete with estrogens for binding with receptors, having an anti -estrogenic effect. In addition, genestine has antioxidant and anti -angiogenic properties that can help protect the cells from damage and suppress tumor growth.

2. Potential benefits for breast health:

   • Reducing the risk of breast cancer: Studies show that the use of soy products rich in isoflavones may be associated with a decrease in the risk of breast cancer, especially in women who consume Soyu at a young age. Meta -analyzes show conflicting results, but some studies indicate the protective effect of soybean isoflas, especially in Asian populations, where soy consumption is traditionally high.
   • Relief symptoms of menopause: SOI isoflavones can facilitate such symptoms of menopause as ejections, night sweating and dry vagina, which can be associated with changes in the hormonal background. A decrease in the severity of these symptoms can indirectly improve the general state of health and well -being of a woman.
   • Reducing the risk of developing mastopathy: Some studies show that soybean isoflavones can reduce the risk of mastopathy (fibrous-acid disease of the mammary gland), a state characterized by pain and seals in the mammary gland.

3. Dosage and form of release: The dosage of soy isoflavonov varies depending on the product and the goals of use. It is usually recommended to consume from 40 to 120 mg of isoflavons per day. SOI isoflavones are available in various forms, including capsules, tablets, powders and soy products (tofu, soy milk, edamama).

4. Side effects and contraindications: In most cases, soybean isoflavones are well tolerated, but in some cases side effects can occur, such as bloating, nausea and constipation. Soy isoflavones are not recommended for women with estrogen-dependent diseases, such as breast cancer or endometriosis, without consulting a doctor. Caution should also be caused with the simultaneous use of soybean isoflavones with hormonal drugs.

B. Lignans:

Lignans are a different class of phytoestrogens contained in various plants, especially in flax seeds, sesame seeds, whole grain products, fruits and vegetables. The main lignans include sekozolaritsynol, matairesinol and pinorezinol.

1. The mechanism of action: Lignans are metabolized in the intestine by bacteria into enterodiol and enterolactone, which have weak estrogenic activity. Lignans can contact estrogen receptors and have anti -estrogenic effects, especially in a high level of estrogen. In addition, the Lignans have antioxidant and anti -inflammatory properties.

2. Potential benefits for breast health:

   • Reducing the risk of breast cancer: Studies show that the use of foods rich in lignans, especially flax seeds, may be associated with a decrease in the risk of breast cancer, especially in women in postmenopause. Lignans can reduce estrogen levels in the body and block the effect of estrogen on the cells of the mammary gland.
   • Relief of the symptoms of mastopathy: Lignans can alleviate the symptoms of mastopathy, reducing pain and seal in the mammary gland.
   • Antioxidant Protection: Lignans can protect the cells of the mammary gland from damage caused by free radicals, due to their antioxidant properties.

3. Dosage and form of release: The recommended dose of lignans varies depending on the product and the goals of use. To obtain tangible benefits, it is recommended to use 1-2 tablespoons of flax seeds per day. Lignans are available in various forms, including flax seeds, linseed oil, capsules and tablets.

4. Side effects and contraindications: In most cases, lignans are well tolerated, but in some cases side effects can occur, such as bloating, diarrhea and allergic reactions. Lignans are not recommended for women with estrogen-dependent diseases without consulting a doctor.

C. Red Clover:

Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense) is a plant containing isoflavon, such as biocanic a, formononetin, Dazein and Genastin.

1. The mechanism of action: Red clover isoflas are associated with estrogen receptors and have both estrogenic and anti -estrogenic effects. Biokanin A and Formononetin are Progormones that turn into active isoflavons in the body.

2. Potential benefits for breast health:

   • Relief symptoms of menopause: Red clover is traditionally used to alleviate the symptoms of menopause, such as tides, night sweating and mood swings. A decrease in the severity of these symptoms can indirectly improve the general state of health and well -being of a woman.
   • Reducing the risk of osteoporosis: Red clover can help strengthen bones and reduce the risk of osteoporosis, especially in women in postmenopausa.

3. Dosage and form of release: The recommended dose of red clover varies depending on the product and the goals of use. It is usually recommended to take from 40 to 80 mg of Red Clover isoflavon per day. Red clover is available in various forms, including capsules, tablets, extracts and tea.

4. Side effects and contraindications: In most cases, red clover is well tolerated, but in some cases side effects can occur, such as headache, nausea and allergic reactions. Red clover is not recommended for women with estrogen-dependent diseases without consulting a doctor. Caution should also be caused with the simultaneous use of red clover with anticoagulants.

II. Antioxidants and cell protection

Antioxidants are substances that protect cells from damage caused by free radicals, unstable molecules that can damage DNA, proteins and lipids. Free radicals are formed as a result of normal metabolic processes, as well as under the influence of environmental factors, such as pollution, radiation and smoking. Antioxidants can neutralize free radicals and prevent cell damage, helping to maintain breast health and reduce the risk of developing various diseases.

A. Vitamin E:

Vitamin E is a fat -soluble vitamin that has powerful antioxidant properties. It protects the cells from damage caused by free radicals, and plays an important role in maintaining the immune function.

1. The mechanism of action: Vitamin E neutralizes free radicals, giving them its electrons and stabilizing them. It also protects lipids in cell membranes from oxidation.

2. Potential benefits for breast health:

   • Reducing the risk of developing mastopathy: Vitamin E can alleviate the symptoms of mastopathy, reducing pain and seal in the mammary gland.
   • Protection against oxidative stress: Vitamin E protects the cells of the mammary gland from damage caused by oxidative stress, which can be associated with the development of cancer.

3. Dosage and form of release: The recommended daily dose of vitamin E is 15 mg (22.4 IU). Vitamin E is available in various forms, including capsules, tablets and oils.

4. Side effects and contraindications: In high doses, vitamin E can cause side effects, such as nausea, diarrhea and bleeding. Vitamin E should be used with caution to people taking anticoagulants.

B. Vitamin C:

Vitamin C is a water -soluble vitamin that has powerful antioxidant properties. It participates in the synthesis of collagen, strengthens the immune system and protects the cells from damage caused by free radicals.

1. The mechanism of action: Vitamin C neutralizes free radicals, giving them its electrons. It also restores oxidized vitamin E, enhancing its antioxidant properties.

2. Potential benefits for breast health:

   • Protection against oxidative stress: Vitamin C protects the cells of the mammary gland from damage caused by oxidative stress.
   • Strengthening the immune system: Vitamin C strengthens the immune system, helping the body fight infections and prevent cancer.

3. Dosage and form of release: The recommended daily dose of vitamin C is 75 mg for women and 90 mg for men. Vitamin C is available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, powders and chewing sweets.

4. Side effects and contraindications: In high doses, vitamin C can cause side effects, such as diarrhea, nausea and abdominal pain. Vitamin C should be used with caution to people with kidney diseases.

C. Selenium:

Selenium is a trace element that is an important component of antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathioneperoxidase. It protects the cells from damage caused by free radicals, and plays an important role in maintaining the immune function.

1. The mechanism of action: Selenium is a cofacor of glutathioneperoxidase, an enzyme that neutralizes hydrogen peroxide, a powerful oxidizing agent. Selenium also participates in the regulation of immune function.

2. Potential benefits for breast health:

   • Protection against oxidative stress: Selenium protects the cells of the mammary gland from damage caused by oxidative stress.
   • Reducing the risk of breast cancer: Some studies show that selenium use may be associated with a decrease in the risk of breast cancer.

3. Dosage and form of release: The recommended daily dose of selenium is 55 μg. Selenium is available in various forms, including tablets, capsules and food supplements.

4. Side effects and contraindications: In high doses, selenium can cause side effects, such as nausea, diarrhea, hair loss and nerves damage. Selenium should be used with caution to people with thyroid diseases.

D. Coenzim Q10 (COQ10):

Coenzyme Q10 is a vitamin -like substance that is an important component of mitochondria, cellular power plants. It participates in the production of energy and has antioxidant properties.

1. The mechanism of action: COQ10 is involved in the transfer of electrons in mitochondria necessary for the production of energy. It also neutralizes free radicals and protects the cells from damage.

2. Potential benefits for breast health:

   • Protection against oxidative stress: COQ10 protects the mammary gland cells from damage caused by oxidative stress.
   • Support for mitochondria function: COQ10 supports the function of mitochondria, providing cells with energy and contributing to their normal functioning.

3. Dosage and form of release: The recommended dose of COQ10 varies depending on the purpose of use. It is usually recommended to take from 30 to 200 mg per day. COQ10 is available in various forms, including capsules, tablets and oils.

4. Side effects and contraindications: In most cases, COQ10 is well tolerated, but in some cases side effects can occur, such as nausea, diarrhea and headache. COQ10 should be used with caution to people taking anticoagulants and drugs to reduce blood pressure.

III. Indol-3-carbinol (i3c) and dyindolilmetan (DIM)

Indol-3-carbinol (i3c) is a natural compound contained in cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower. In the body, i3C turns into dyindolilmethane (DIM), which has powerful antioxidant and anti -estrogenic properties.

1. The mechanism of action: DIM affects the metabolism of estrogens, contributing to the formation of 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1), estrogen metabolite, which has protective properties. It also suppresses the formation of 16-alpha-hydroxyesstron (16α-Ohe1), estrogen metabolite, which can contribute to the development of breast cancer. DIM also has anti -angiogenic properties, suppressing the growth of new blood vessels necessary for tumor growth.

2. Potential benefits for breast health:

   • Reducing the risk of breast cancer: I3C and DIM can reduce the risk of developing breast cancer, changing the metabolism of estrogen and suppressing the growth of tumors.
   • Relief of the symptoms of mastopathy: I3C and DIM can relieve symptoms of mastopathy, reducing pain and seal in the mammary gland.
   • Prevention of hormonal disorders: I3C and DIM can help maintain hormonal balance and prevent the development of hormonal disorders.

3. Dosage and form of release: The recommended I3C dose is from 200 to 400 mg per day, and DIM is from 100 to 200 mg per day. I3c and DIM are available in various forms, including capsules and tablets.

4. Side effects and contraindications: In most cases, i3C and DIM are well tolerated, but in some cases side effects can occur, such as nausea, headache and changes in the chair. I3C and DIM should be used with caution to people taking medications that affect estrogen metabolism. It is also not recommended to take i3C and DIM during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

IV. Omega-3 fatty acids

Omega-3 fatty acids are indispensable fatty acids that play an important role in maintaining the health of the cardiovascular system, brain and immune system. The main omega-3 fatty acids include eicosapentaenic acid (EPA) and non-oxaexaenic acid (DHA), which are found in fatty fish, such as salmon, tuna and sardines.

1. The mechanism of action: Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties. They reduce the production of inflammatory cytokines and improve the function of immune cells.

2. Potential benefits for breast health:

   • Reducing the risk of breast cancer: Some studies show that the use of omega-3 fatty acids may be associated with a decrease in the risk of breast cancer.
   • Relief of the symptoms of mastopathy: Omega-3 fatty acids can relieve symptoms of mastopathy, reducing pain and inflammation in the mammary gland.

3. Dosage and form of release: The recommended dose of omega-3 fatty acids is from 1 to 2 grams per day. Omega-3 fatty acids are available in various forms, including capsules, oils and nutritional supplements.

4. Side effects and contraindications: In high doses of omega-3, fatty acids can cause side effects, such as nausea, diarrhea and bleeding. Omega-3 fatty acids should be used with caution to people taking anticoagulants.

V. Vitamin D

Vitamin D is a fat -soluble vitamin that plays an important role in maintaining the health of bones, the immune system and many other body functions. Vitamin D is produced in the skin under the influence of sunlight, and is also contained in some foods, such as oily fish, egg yolks and enriched products.

1. The mechanism of action: Vitamin D regulates the absorption of calcium in the intestines, maintaining bone health. It also affects the function of immune cells and has anti -inflammatory properties.

2. Potential benefits for breast health:

   • Reducing the risk of breast cancer: Some studies show that a sufficient level of vitamin D in the blood may be associated with a decrease in the risk of breast cancer.
   • Improving the forecast for breast cancer: Vitamin D can improve the prognosis for breast cancer, increasing the effectiveness of treatment and reducing the risk of relapse.

3. Dosage and form of release: The recommended daily dose of vitamin D is 600 IU (15 μg) for adults up to 70 years and 800 IU (20 μg) for adults over 70 years old. Vitamin D is available in various forms, including capsules, tablets and drops.

4. Side effects and contraindications: In high doses, vitamin D can cause side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, weakness and increased blood calcium levels. Vitamin D should be used with caution to people with kidney diseases and hypercalcemia.

VI. Probiotics and intestinal health

Probiotics are living microorganisms, which, when used in sufficient quantities, have a beneficial effect on human health. They are found in fermented products, such as yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut and kimchi, as well as in food additives.

1. The mechanism of action: Probiotics improve the composition of intestinal microflora, suppress the growth of pathogenic bacteria and strengthen the immune system. They also contribute to the synthesis of vitamins and other beneficial substances in the intestines.

2. Potential benefits for breast health:

   • Improving hormonal balance: Probiotics can affect the metabolism of estrogens in the intestines, contributing to the maintenance of hormonal balance.
   • Strengthening the immune system: Probiotics strengthen the immune system, helping the body fight infections and prevent cancer.
   • Reducing the risk of developing mastopathy: Some studies show that the use of probiotics can alleviate the symptoms of mastopathy, reducing pain and inflammation in the mammary gland.

3. Dosage and form of release: The recommended dose of probiotics varies depending on the product and the goals of use. It is usually recommended to use probiotics containing at least 1 billion colony -forming units (CFU). Probiotics are available in various forms, including capsules, tablets, powders and liquid additives.

4. Side effects and contraindications: In most cases, probiotics are well tolerated, but in some cases side effects can occur, such as bloating, gases and diarrhea. Probiotics should be used with caution to people with a weakened immune system.

VII. Green tea

Green tea is a drink made of tea bush leaves (Camellia Sinensis), which is not exposed to fermentation. Green tea is rich in antioxidants, especially catechins, such as Epagallocatechin Gallat (EGCG).

1. The mechanism of action: Catechins have powerful antioxidant properties. They neutralize free radicals and protect the cells from damage. EGCG also has anti -angiogenic properties, suppressing the growth of new blood vessels necessary for tumor growth.

2. Potential benefits for breast health:

   • Reducing the risk of breast cancer: Some studies show that the use of green tea may be associated with a decrease in the risk of breast cancer.
   • Protection against oxidative stress: Green tea protects breast cells from damage caused by oxidative stress.

3. Dosage and form of release: It is recommended to consume from 2 to 3 cups of green tea per day. Green tea is also available in the form of extracts and capsules.

4. Side effects and contraindications: Green tea contains caffeine, which can cause side effects, such as nervousness, insomnia and a rapid heartbeat. Green tea should be used with caution to people with heart diseases and anxious disorders.

VIII. Other dietary supplements and nutrients

In addition to the above dietary supplements, there are other nutrients that can be useful for maintaining breast health.

• Iodine: Iodine is necessary for the normal function of the thyroid gland, which plays an important role in the regulation of hormonal balance. The lack of iodine can lead to the development of mastopathy and other diseases of the mammary gland. The recommended daily dose of iodine is 150 μg.
• Zinc: Zinc is an important trace element that is involved in the immune function and DNA synthesis. Zinc deficiency can increase the risk of breast cancer. The recommended daily dose of zinc is 8 mg for women and 11 mg for men.
• Magnesium: Magnesium plays an important role in the regulation of hormonal balance, nervous system and muscle function. Magnesium deficiency can lead to the development of mastopathy and other diseases of the mammary gland. The recommended daily dose of magnesium is 310-320 mg for women and 400-420 mg for men.

IX. General recommendations for the use of dietary supplements

• Consultation with a doctor: Before taking any dietary supplements, it is necessary to consult a doctor, especially in the presence of any diseases or taking drugs.
• The choice of quality products: Choose dietary supplements from reliable manufacturers that guarantee the quality and safety of your products.
• Dosage compliance: Strictly observe the recommended dosage of the dietary supplements indicated on the packaging.
• Observation of the reaction of the body: Carefully follow the reaction of your body to the intake of dietary supplements. If any side effects occur, immediately stop taking the dietary supplement and consult a doctor.
• Integrative approach: Use dietary supplements in combination with other measures to maintain breast health, such as regular medical examinations, self -examination, healthy nutrition and physical activity.

X. Future research areas

Despite the fact that studies of dietary supplements are ongoing to maintain breast health, additional research is necessary to confirm the efficiency and safety of various dietary supplements. Future research should be aimed at studying:

• The effects of dietary supplements on various types of breast cancer: Various types of breast cancer can respond differently to dietary supplements. It is necessary to conduct studies aimed at studying the effect of dietary supplements on various types of breast cancer.
• Interactions of dietary supplements with drugs: It is necessary to conduct studies aimed at studying the interactions of dietary supplements with drugs used to treat breast cancer and other diseases.
• Individual characteristics of the body: Individual characteristics of the body, such as genetic predisposition and state of health, can affect the effectiveness of dietary supplements. It is necessary to conduct studies aimed at studying the influence of the individual characteristics of the body on the effectiveness of dietary supplements.

XI. Legal aspects and regulation of dietary supplements

The regulation of dietary supplements in different countries is different. In some countries, dietary supplements are regulated as food products, while in other countries they are regulated as drugs. In most countries, dietary supplement manufacturers are not required to prove the efficiency and safety of their products before entering the market. Therefore, it is important to choose dietary supplements from reliable manufacturers that guarantee the quality and safety of their products. In Russia, dietary supplements are registered in Rospotrebnadzor and must comply with the requirements of the technical regulations of the Customs Union.

XII. Conclusion: breast health is a comprehensive task

Maintaining breast health is a comprehensive task that requires an integrative approach. Bad can play a role in maintaining the health of the breast, providing the body with the necessary nutrients, antioxidants and phytochemical compounds. However, it is important to remember that dietary supplements are not a replacement for traditional medicine and should be used only after consulting a doctor. Regular medical examinations, self -examination, healthy nutrition, physical activity and the use of dietary supplements (as prescribed by a doctor) are key components of maintaining the health of the breast and reducing the risk of developing various diseases.

XIII. List of literature

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XIV. Glossary of the terms

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XV. Authors and experts participating in the creation of an article

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XVII. Refusal of responsibility

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